Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children Children And Young People Essay Essay Example

Recovery Of Autistic Children And Young People Essay Presentation Mental imbalance is a formative vexed which is portrayed by weakened cultural connection, inconveniences in conveying, resolute conduct and a restriction to change in modus operandis. Chemical imbalance is known as a wide-range upset. This implies the indications and conduct of no two people with chemical imbalance are the equivalent and thusly every individual must be dealt with unambiguously. Chemical imbalance can all around be anticipated around the age of 1 2 mature ages when the child does non demo the ordinary designed development in cultural and conveying achievements. Analysis of mental imbalance depends on the conduct of the individual as the reason is non yet known. Absence of affectionate respect to the essential wellbeing proficient, cultural deadness, obsessional run alonging up of toys, inconvenience in address improvement and deadness to name are a few manifestations that clue doctors to the diagnosing of the resentful in a child. We will compose a custom article test on Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children And Young People Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children And Young People Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Rehabilitation Of Autistic Children And Young People Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Numerous people with mental imbalance show the undermentioned side effects: Relentless conduct, thorough connection to plans. The people show characteristics of hurt and tension when modus operandis are intruded. They much of the time show physical ticks and echolalia ( emphasizing words or expressions they hear ) . An antagonism to physical contact and oculus contact. Affectability to boisterous clamors, smells or sights. Mentally unbalanced people other than will in general create impulses and in some cases and extreme affectionate respect to specific articles. They have issue showing themselves and as often as possible use signals on the other hand of words. They have particular location shapes and do non notice to their ain conscience modestly. A couple of medically introverted people other than have manifestations that exist together with mental imbalance like delicate X condition, Tourette condition, Tuberous induration, Attention Deficit Disorder, epileptic ictuss, and so forth. In addition, it has been seen that some mentally unbalanced people show amazingly explicit achievements in a curious nation that is over their typical activity in different nations, similar to memorisation of play, expanded perceptual experience to structures, high memory recovery, phenomenal going to detail. These achievements are known as bit achievements. Some surveies propose a connection between family units with solid capacities in people regular methods of reasoning and mental imbalance. The figure of mentally unbalanced people was seen as more noteworthy in family units with more prominent society characteristic ways of thinking capacities ( understanding lifeless things ) than in families with more grounded people mental science capacities ( cultural worry ) . The specific reason for mental imbalance is non known rock mud day of the month and it is viewed as that both hereditary sciences and condition play a capacity in it. Variations from the norm in certain pieces of the encephalon unnatural degrees of synapses are taken note. It is noticed that chances of a vague twin building up the agitated is truly elevated of the other twin is influenced. Also, the risk of chemical imbalance is more prominent in a family holding a mentally unbalanced part than everyone. Researchers are as yet looking to happen the cistrons that are connected to this annoyed, and numerous reasonings have been made of chromosomal abnormalcies like exclusion, copy and reversal being connected to this resentful. Instructive and Social Interventions Over the mature ages, numerous instructive and cultural intervention plans have been created to help in empowering medically introverted children to delineate society and help better imparting. They other than focus on the individual s enthusiastic prosperity and cultural association. Three of the central interventions are assessed here. Social Communication, Emotional Regulation and Transactional Support ( SCERTS ) SCERTS is a multi-disciplinary instructive and intercession hypothetical record for kids with chemical imbalance. It advances cultural imparting and passionate competency in obviously happening settings. The SCERTS hypothetical record blossoms with cooperation, shared control, and qualities of the child with mental imbalance. The SCERTS Model is intended to hold wide applications and can be applied in instructive, clinical scenes and in everyday exercises at place and in the network. The SC constituent of SCERTS hypothetical record accepts that children should a get limits in two significant nations of cultural imparting: Joint going to capacities Representative conduct The ER constituent of the SCERTS Model spotlights on back uping a child s capacity to regulate feelings. A definitive finish of ER constituent of SCERTS hypothetical record is to back up a child obliging to and get bying with the unavoidable and single everyday difficulties. The TS, the third and closing core constituent of the SCERTS Model incorporates the devotees: Relational Supports Learning and Educational Supports Backing To Families Backing among experts and other assistance providers The SCERTS hypothetical record plants by organizing cultural conveying, enthusiastic mandate and value-based help to hold a positive effect on kid s improvement and personal satisfaction. FloorTime/DIR The FloorTime/DIR hypothetical record is a strategy dependent on Development, Individual-contrasts, Relationship-based. It focuses on building a sound establishment for the cultural, enthusiastic and sane limits rather than simply an individual conduct or achievement improvement. This hypothetical record takes into account the individualistic requests of the child as the treatments are given dependent on the qualities and alone difficulties looked by each child and accordingly is an extremely utile device for teachers, clinicians, guardians or wellbeing experts. [ 1 ] FloorTime depends on Greenspan s hypotheses [ 2 ] of six useful mileposts essential for a child to win in farther securing and improvement. Fitting to Greenspan, these are: The twofold capacity to take an inclusion in the sights, sounds and esthesiss of the universe and to calm oneself down. The capacity to indict involved with others. The capacity to indict in bipartisan speaking with motions. The capacity to make complex motions, to stringing together a progression of activities into a rich and determined critical thinking experience. The capacity to make considerations. The capacity to build Bridgess between musings to do them reality-based and coherent ( Greenspan, 1998 ) FloorTime/DIR incorporates synergistic encounters, which are youngster coordinated, in a low incitement condition, runing from two to five hours a twenty-four hours. During a preschool plan, FloorTime/DIR incorporates coordinating with commonly creating approaches. Greenspan demands that synergistic dramatization, where the adult follows the child s lead, will elevate the child to want to partner to the outside universe. Besides, Greenspan specifies, in this hypothetical record, the healing arrangement must get down each piece without further ado as could be expected under the circumstances so the children and their folks utilize their developing capacities with respect to conveying ( much of the time stomach muscle initio with signals rather than words ) . The more drawn out such children stay incommunicative and the more guardians lose their feeling of their child s relatedness, the more significantly the children will in general withdraw and go additive and self-stimulatory. ( Gre enspan, 1998 ) . Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication-Handicapped Children ( TEACCH ) TEACCH is an arrangement created by clinician Eric Schopler. It utilizes Structured Teaching which can be applied in various scenes like school and locally established guidance. In TEACCH the medically introverted individual is perceived for their alone trademark or the human advancement of mental imbalance . The arrangement can be applied to adults and is non limited to kids. This arrangement builds up an individualized program wherein the assault to guidance by the healers is modified to incorporate single contrasts. This incorporates family-based associations and guidance, each piece great as cultural communications with different children. In spite of the fact that the central strategy for guidance is through visual AIDSs, etymological correspondence is other than evolved. The medically introverted characteristics are obliged rather than being survived. This is thus inverse in rule to consideration, which underscores on teaching medically introverted children with non-handicapped children. Be that as it may, as chemical imbalance is a wide-range upset, it is extremely difficult to mensurate the achievement of a specific arrangement or hypothetical record over another. Indian Scenario of Autism TULIPS School The TULIPS School was established in 2002 by the Saraswati Mandir Trust. Its head point is to instruct kids with chemical imbalance and other mental advancement issues. Fitting to the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995, if an individual experiences non under 40 % of the undermentioned disablements as confirmed by a clinical practician, he/she is considered as impaired: Visual deficiency Low vision Sickness relieved Hearing harm Loco engine harm Mental deceleration Mental unwellness On the off chance that any child does non suit into the above measures, the child ought to non be limited to a specific school and can be taught with different children. TULIPS keeps up an ordinary arrangement which is changed according to the single requests of the child, and the teacher kid proportion is 1:4. The arrangement centers around all aspects of improvement including physical, enthusiastic, cultural and scholastic what's more intends to incorporate 25 % of its students into the standard guidance framework each twelvemonth. Saraswati Mandir Trust 135-145 Raja Shivaji Vidyasankul, Hindu Colony, Dadar, Mumbai 400 014 Teleph

Manage group living Essay

Presentation (What you are going to cover in this report) I am going to cover bunch living for grown-ups. There are different gatherings living for grown-ups and each have a positive and negative effect. Gathering living can be valuable for grown-ups who are risky to live all alone and for people who are desolate. I will concentrate on private consideration for bunch living. At the point when people arrive at the phase where possibly they or their families need to conclude it will be of their eventual benefits to be moved into private consideration, there are numerous components that impact this. Age Mental ability to decide Security factors/dangers Monetary Living in a gathering can act issues like people are united, people may not generally continue ahead with each other because of their perspectives, ethics, foundation and general inclinations. The challenges is satisfying everybody and guaranteeing they all live genially together. The advantages in bunch living is having friendship/companionship and a lot of exercises that they can go to with people they know and live with, as yet empowering them to have their own space and protection in the event that they so wish. Different gathering living: Private consideration Older consideration edifices Lodgings Upheld living Private empowers 24 hour care Older edifices guarantees they have a superintendent and exercises on the off chance that they so wish to participate, care arrangements on the off chance that they so wish Inns are transitory living Bolstered living offers progressively decision and opportunity, exercises, dinner arrangements and superintendent input, where if necessary they can have homecare arrangements. Whichever an individual or their families pick they all need to advance a cheerful/safe condition for people, guaranteeing they fulfill guidelines set out for private or gathering living arrangements. Each gathering living condition/care home needs to satisfy guidelines set out by the legislature, these are checked by CQC, GSCC and nearby specialists to guarantee norms are met. Inside gathering living the earth must be sheltered, clean and guarantee people prosperity, while Promoting their autonomy and maintain their privileges to human necessities. It is significant that norms recognize the prerequisites related with driving and overseeing bunch living arrangement; it incorporates building up the physical condition, day by day living exercises and gathering exercises so that they bolster the accomplishment of positive results for people. By regarding every person and their independence, settling on a setting that empowers people decision, opportunity and to have the option to communicate. Solace and warmth, dinner decisions and variety, regarding societies and foundations and concentrating on their prosperity, wellbeing and bliss. Readiness for reason: The administrative forces gave by the CSA are intended to guarantee that care home chiefs, staff and premises are ‘fit for their purpose’. In applying the norms, controllers will search for proof that a home in the case of giving a drawn out position, momentary recovery, nursing care or expert assistance is effective in accomplishing its expressed points and targets. Extensiveness: Life in a consideration home/bunch living is comprised of a scope of administrations and Facilities which might be of more noteworthy or lesser significance to various people. In applying the guidelines, controllers guarantee the administration bundle offered by the consideration home adds to the general individual and medicinal services needs and inclinations of people and how the home functions with others administrations/experts to guarantee the individual’s incorporation in the network. Addressing evaluated needs: In applying the correct norms, monitors will search for Evidence that the consideration home addresses issues of people and that Individuals’ changing requirements keep on being met. The evaluation and administration client plan did in the consideration home ought to be founded on the consideration the executives. Singular consideration designs that addresses and determines their issues. Great private consideration represents an assortment of difficulties, and requires elevated levels of skill and innovative capacity from supervisors, staff and outside backings. They should be focused on empowering occupants to assume however much liability as could reasonably be expected for the arranging and the executives of their own consideration. Directors ought to embrace an arranged way to deal with addressing the necessities and advancing the capability of individual occupants, inside a system and culture for the unit, and gatherings inside it, which gives the correct parity of security, incitement and extension for freedom. ( Et al CQC site private consideration) Quality administrations: The Government’s modernizing plan, including the new administrative system, means to guarantee more prominent affirmation of value benefits as opposed to living with second best. In applying the norms, controllers will look for proof of a promise to persistent improvement, quality administrations, backing, settlement and offices which guarantee a decent personal satisfaction for people It is significant individual have rights to their own options that incorporate dangers. The dangers they take should be assessed to guarantee the choice doesn't exceed the hazard to individual or others. The trouble inside gathering living is the thing that might be alright for one individual may not be for another, for example one individual might be protected to travel every which way however they see fit another may require oversight to go outside. This can represent an issue if completely free individual leaves get to entryway open or welcome a risky gathering to go outside with them. There are dangers related with ordinary living yet guaranteeing everyone’s wellbeing can be a test. Guaranteeing hardware, living quarters, and condition is remained careful and secure while advancing freedom and decision. In the event that a hazard can't be disposed of I would see approaches to lessen the hazard, along these lines the individual is still in charge yet has gauges set up to guarantee their security and the wellbeing ofâ others. Tending to dangers with people and completely advising them why something is classed as a hazard empowers them to settle on an educated choice as to in the event that they need to keep on facing the challenge, dependant on the seriousness. Working with individual and tuning in to how they regard or see something functions, yet on the off chance that they are resolved and the hazard out loads the advantages, at that point measure must be set up. The physical condition can advance prosperity by having a pleasant unattractive environment, permitting every person to add to this. The lighting, warmth, setting, apparatuses and fittings just as what exercises everybody appreciates and urging all gatherings to partake. By having a safe yet pleasant condition it advances prosperity, by permitting and including individual to state what they like and abhorrence advances incorporation. Urging them to partake in different exercises gives incitement and helps manufacture companionships inside gathering living. It is likewise significant that the staff have great preparing and draw in with people, that they stay agreeable and unprejudiced. Decision is one of the principle factors whether this be dinners, settings, exercises getting the correct equalization and advancing their freedom and inclusion. This add to their prosperity and satisfaction. In the event that nature was a chilly, clammy, dim, without any open doors for exercises, there was no opportunity of decision and caused individual to have set dinners, toileting times and removed their privileges and freedom, I can't envision any individual would be upbeat and their prosperity would decay. Keeping up and the upkeep of goods and beautifications are significant, the expense of this can be considerable, with the privilege planning and putting aside of funds will help look after this, that way the upkeep can be kept up and the accounts will be promptly accessible. Some portion of this reflects in the sum it will cost for people to live there. Another path is to hold good cause/raising money days. I trust you can have cut backs yet at the same time keep up quality confirmation without conveying low quality environmental factors. Some portion of this is caring for the earth, if nature is of goodâ quality in any case people are bound to keep up this and regard it as their home. Not permitting things that need fixing to get to the phase where they are in repairable or dangerous. Guaranteeing electrical things and gas adjusting is kept up, this is a lawful prerequisite inside gathering living conditions. Guaranteeing the earth is kept perfect, protected and clean keeps up it’s every day living necessities and diminishes the danger of cross tainting. There must be satisfactory space for every person and the right measure of staff proportion. When settling on choices with respect to nature it is significant that the people who live there are incorporated, they may need their very own portion possessions, similar to a seat of dressing table. These things are imperative to them as without been given the decision they will feel just as it isn't their home. Every individual will have diverse taste, different preferences, despite the fact that this may demonstrate hard to satisfy every one, if every one has some info they will feel included and are bound to meet up as a gathering to settle on what everybody needs. This ought to incorporate choices down to cost, what furniture, fitments; improvements they feel are the most significant and make their condition safe, the wellbeing perspective should be taken a gander at equivalent to comfort. Seats that help people and offer the correct stature, wash capacity and so forth. Beds, lounge area furniture, style, plants, pictures, simple access between seats. Guaranteeing the earth offers incitement and unwinding. Day by day exercises are a significant piece of gathering living and these additionally should be settled upon. Outings, bingo, sing-along’s, blossom orchestrating, practice classes, outside exercises, cultivating, vegetable plots and planting. By offering decision and guaranteeing day by day action times are followed to,â implementing an exercises co-ordinator and guaranteeing staff empower p

Bad Credit Helper Do You Need Credit Counseling

Bad Credit Helper Do You Need Credit Counseling Bad Credit Helper: Do You Need Credit Counseling? Bad Credit Helper: Do You Need Credit Counseling?If you’re drowning in debt, then you probably need a life preserver. That’s where credit counseling might help save your lifeâ€"or at least your pocketbook.Use whatever metaphor you want for debt: maybe you’re drowning it, maybe it’s crushing, maybe it’s like an incredibly persistent ghost haunting you wherever you go.However you describe it, the fact remains that massive debt is a huge problem. It drives down your credit score, drives up your interest rates, and generally makes it impossible to get ahead.There are many solutions out there for dealing with debt and fixing your bad credit, and credit counseling is one of the big ones. That’s why we reached out to three top industry experts to explain the basics.Who knows? This could be the thing that takes your debt from [Insert Metaphor Here] to nothing more than a distant memory.What is credit counseling?Credit counseling is a financial service designed to educate consumer s to pay off their debts and how to avoid debt in the future,” Katie Ross, Education and Development Manager, American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC.“Credit counseling may involve analysis of a consumers financial situation, evaluation of debt reduction strategies for paying off or managing debt, and education about money management.”Gary Herman, President of Consolidated Credit Counseling Services, says, “It’s an invaluable service for anyone who is struggling to pay off debt on their own. Even when someone faces challenges, such as a low credit score or a limited budget, credit counseling can often help them achieve freedom from debt.”How does the process work?According to Herman, “the counseling process typically starts with a free debt and budget evaluation. The credit counselor gathers information from the consumer about their current debt, income and expenses. They also check the person’s credit to see where they stand.”“Based on those results, the co unselor can evaluate which debt relief will work best in that consumer’s unique financial situation. If it turns out that a debt management program is the best option, the credit counselor can help the client enroll.”Mike Sullivan, a personal finance consultant with national nonprofit credit counseling and debt management agency Take Charge America, says that “Typically, a consumer contacts a credit counseling agency due to personal concern about debt, or due to a creditor referring that consumer because they fit the profile of being financially distressed.”“Of course, there are occasional calls from consumers who just want help with budgeting or advice on a topic like identity theft or reverse mortgages, but most consumers do not ask for help until they are in trouble.”What is a Debt Management Plan and how does it work?Hopefully, your initial consulting session with a credit counselor will end with your being able to pay your debt on their own.But if not, there’s sti ll another solution possible:A DMP, or Debt Management Plan, is a service offered by most credit counseling agencies, says Sullivan. “A consumer having difficulty managing debt may be offered the opportunity to have the credit counseling agency make payments on some or all of their accounts.“The consumer would send money to the agency, and the agency would negotiate with creditors to lower interest rates and/or re-age accounts (have them brought out of late or default status to save on fees) and make payments from the consumers funds.”“There is typically a charge for this service, although the concessions gained and regular payments should still lead to savings for the consumer,” he says.Ross lays out the steps through which a DMP is established:“In an initial free credit counseling session, you collect all of your outstanding credit card statements and monthly bills, and we work with you to create a manageable budget.”“Next we assess your credit card debts, and othe r unsecured debts, and create a proposal to send to your creditors. Creditors have been known to lower your monthly interest rates, accept a lower monthly payment, or re-age your accounts so they are current, instead of in arrears. The goal of a debt management plan is to get you out of debt in the shortest period of time, without going through bankruptcy or debt settlement, both of which are detrimental to your credit score.”“Once a proposal is accepted, we set up an account for you, where you transfer funds directly to us via EFT, electronic funds transfer from your checking account. Each month, we make sure your bills are paid on time and keep you apprised of your status with a monthly statement of your account.”Herman states that the lower interest rates negotiated through a DMP mean “that a person can get out of debt faster, even though their total monthly payments are typically reduced by 30 to 50 percent.”How much does credit counseling cost?The answer to this quest ion is going to vary depending on your situation and the credit counselor with whom you’re working.But overall, especially if you’re working a not-for-profit company, the cost of credit counseling should always be low. Sometimes it’s even free.“The cost of credit counseling varies by agency,” says Ross. Nonprofit credit counseling firms will tend to cost less than for-profit agencies, and some may even offer free credit counseling services.”“ACCC charges a one-time enrollment fee of $39.00 and $5 per account with a maximum monthly fee of $35.”“The initial credit counseling consultation is free,” says Herman. There are setup and monthly administration fees for enrolling in a debt management program. The cost of these fees varies by state and is regulated by state law, but it should never”“There are exceptions that can be made to the fee structure for financial hardship, as well as special cases such as military deployment.”When should I seek advice from a cr edit counselor?If you’re thinking about contacting a credit counselor, then, to be honest, you probably should. If your debt burden is at the point where you’re considering outside help, then your situation is already not too great.For Ross, the need for credit counseling includes such signs of financial trouble as:Paying your bills lateMissing paymentsPaying less than the minimumIf you have been turned down for credit or for a loanHerman says that “Consumers should also contact a credit counselor if they’re struggling to find an alternative debt solution on their own. If interest rate negotiation with your creditors fail or if a debt consolidation loan is not working, it’s time to contact a credit counselor.”On this question, Sullivan has a slightly different, and very wise, answer:“It may be a good idea to contact a credit counseling agency upon receiving your first credit card. A counselor will assist you with creating a budget a determining exactly how much you can afford to charge based on your available income,” he says.“For most consumers, however, the time to call is the first time you have difficulty making the minimum payment due on any account. Most consumers wait until collectors begin to call but that is often too late.”Do you have an experience with credit counseling that you’d like to share? Well guess what?! We’d love to hear from you! You can find us on Twitter at @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsGary Herman, Consolidated Credit Counseling Services Inc. (@ConsolidatedUS), is a consumer credit specialist and a AFCPE Certified Credit Counselor. He has been a part of Consolidated Credit for over 20 years and his expertise in establishing operations and marketing policies, hiring, and training financial counselors, has been a crucial advantage in Consolidated Credit’s success. As an expert who examines consumer credit trends, causes and effects of financial over-extension, Mr. Herman has been able to predict the needs of financially burdened consumers and provide Consolidated Credit’s certified counselors with the tools and educational materials required to keep ahead of the public’s needs.Katie Ross, joined the American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC, management team in 2002 and is currently responsible for organizing and implementing high performance development initiatives designed to increase consumer financial awareness. Ms. Ross’s main focus is to conceptualize the creative strategic programming for ACCC’s client base and national base to ensure a maximum level of educational programs that support and cultivate ACCC’s organization.Mike Sullivan is a personal finance consultant with Take Charge America (@TCAsolutions), a national nonprofit credit counseling and debt management agency. He has more than 25 years of experience educating consumers about a wide range of budgeting, credit, debt and saving issues, and was instrumental in bui lding Take Charge America’s financial education department and community initiatives. More at www.takechargeamerica.org.

Post Mortem Care of Buddhism - 942 Words

Post Mortem Care of Buddhism The Buddhists believed that body of a dead person should be removed with dignity and be treated properly out of respect for the memory of what the deceased person had done when he was alive. His past action (Karma) will determine what his future life will be. In Buddhism death is not being called to eternal rest to lie in the bosom of the creator god â€Å"but a continuation of a process in another form of life. As far as Buddhists are concerned, there should be no religious reason to object to this practice. In fact, if such a post mortem could help the living by providing members of the medical profession with more information which could enable them to cure diseases it should be considered an act of merit on†¦show more content†¦Obviously, this delays organ and tissues harvesting. The physical body is nothing more than a combination of elements, which will break down on death. So there is no reason to believe that the spirit of the dead person will be upset if the body is used for scientific purposes. The Buddhists trust that doctors and medical staff have a high sense of responsibility and professional ethics and that they would handle a corpse with the utmost respect due to it, so relatives need not be overly worried about this. There are some who even initiate to donate their bodies after their death to hospitals for medical students to study anatomy. It is considered an act of the highest benefit for Buddhists to donate parts of their bodies after death so that others would benefit from them. Buddhism is very clear on the issue that the donation of vital organs for the benefit of others brings great value and is to be strongly encouraged. Cremation, after the three-day waiting period, is the typical tradition method. The Buddhists guided us to prepare fo r death, to prepare for that journey by cleansing the mind and not being so attached to things, to be able to let go and release ourselves for needing to be. Through this we will not suffer so much as we pass through the final stage of the present life, we can let go, be grateful for what we had but not hold to it, not try to guarantee stability and cause ourselves to suffer more than we need to. This way we can endShow MoreRelatedend of life Essay6150 Words   |  25 Pagesï » ¿2.2 Explain how the beliefs, religion and culture of individuals and key people influence end of life care. Social perspectives A persons social perspective is influenced by a number of different social factors. The social relationships a service user has could cause them to worry about the impact their death will have on others such as family, friends, children colleagues. This worry concern is often referred to as social pain a service user may include the following: .loss of relationships:

Philosophy Of Education. Mission Statement. As An Early

Philosophy of Education Mission Statement As an early childhood educator, my mission is to encourage, inspire, support and motivate students while providing a fun, safe, and affectionate environment which builds friendships and lays the foundation for students to become life-long learners. Personal Philosophy There are two philosophies that I believe best describe my personal philosophy. These philosophies are realism and idealism. Although, the both philosophies help to describe my philosophy; I do not completely agree with all four divisions of each. They both have an individual concept of their own. Realism tends to focus on what is and idealism focuses on what could be. I personally believe that God is everything and that he is â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦Idealism states that our reality is shaped by our thoughts and ideas. Its metaphysical component is the claim that there are moral facts and moral properties whose existence and nature are independent of people’s beliefs and attitudes about what is right or wrong (Cambridge University Press, 1999). Realism says that a material world exists which happens to be independent of and external to our mind and that all objects are composed of matter. Realism deals with the fact that reality has an absolute existence separ ate from our thoughts, ideas and conscious. Christianity believes that God is the supreme source of all being and reality. He is the ultimate reality and all reality depends on God. God is intelligent therefore all the creation is intelligent and can understand him because he made us in his image with the adequacy of understanding him and his intelligent order. This is clearly stated in scripture: â€Å"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through Him, and without Him, nothing was made that was made. In Him was life, and the life was the light of men† (John 1:1-4, New King James Version). Epistemology Epistemology is â€Å"the study or theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference to its limits and validity† (Merriam-Webster). This branch tends to answer questions such as: how doShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Education: Vision, Mission, and Philosophy Statement1258 Words   |  6 PagesEarly childhood is a time of curiosity, a time for play, and a time of rapid development. Every child is unique and deserving of an early childhood education that facilitates academic, social, and developmental growth through a variety of enjoyable experiences. Differentiated instruction adapts content, products and processes to meet the diverse learning needs and preferences of students (Thousand, Villa, Nevin, 2007). Friedrich Froebel, the creator of Kindergarten, believed that children growRead MoreOrganization And Unit Mission : Vision And Values, And Shared Governance1441 Words   |  6 PagesUnit Mission, Vision and Values, and Shared Governance In this paper I will discuss the mission, vision, values, and goals of the organization of which I work. Then I will share the organization’s nursing mission and philosophy, and my individual nursing unit mission and philosophy, and my part in fulfilling the mission and philosophy. I will explain the connection between the nursing department, nursing unit, and the organization’s philosophy. Strategies that could strengthen the mission, visionRead MoreThe Mission And Vision Statement1068 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations have mission and vision statements identifying the company’s core focus and the values that it holds. These statements establish the culture for the organization, impacting products, service, marketing and employees. 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At first the program was associated with hospitalsRead MoreDescribe The Child Care Center1227 Words   |  5 Pa gesassociate’s degree in Early Childhood as well. Mission Statement: To give security, comfort, and an overall positive educational experience that enriches self-discovery, creativity, and understanding. Child Care Center Goals and Objectives: To begin positive, creative learning in a safe, community based environments. After the success of this school, LILY ACADEMY would like to expand! Give opportunities to the deserving of all over the Louisville area and beyond! Owner’s Business Philosophy: Success isn’t

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The oceans cover a little more than 70 per centum of the Earth surface. This makes it the universes largest solar energy aggregator and energy storage system. On an mean twenty-four hours, 60 million square kilometres if tropical seas absorb and sum of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The history of world, have depended upon its ability to suppress the forces of nature, and to use these forces to function its demands. Energy engineering is surely one of the most of import factors in the outgrowth of world as the dominant species of this works. The innovation of the practical steam engine by James W, brought about development of big mills, steam ships and the steam engine. First wood was used, so coal. About the same clip, the usage of coal instigated progresss in metallurgy.petroleum from natural ooze has been used since ancient times for lighting, lubrication and sealing. The debut of boring for oil greatly increased the supply of oil. The industrial revolution switches in to high cogwheel. One job is that the natural ooze is limited and in a few old ages the elements will be used. The development of atomic power was touted as the replies to all world ‘s energy sufferings. It non turned out that manner. The riddance of authorities subsidies for atomic powe r workss has made them rather unaffordable. When it went so bad no insure in the universe will compose catastrophe for atomic power works The construct of OTEC ( ocean thermal energy transition ) has existed for over a century as fantasised by Jules Verne in 1870 and conceptualised by Gallic physicist, Jacques arsene 500 arsonval in 1881. Despite this an operating OTEC power installation was non developed until the 1920 ‘s. 2.2 WHAT IS OTEC OTEC, ocean thermic energy transition is an energy engineering that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC systems use the ocean ‘s natural thermic gradient, accordingly the temperature difference between the warm surface H2O and the cold deep H2O below 600 meters by about 20’c, an OTEC system can bring forth, a significantly sum of power. The oceans are therefore a huge renewable resource ; with the potency to assist us in the OTEC procedure is besides rich in foods and it can be used to civilization both marine being and works life near the shore or on land The entire inflow of solar energy into Earth is of 1000s of clip as a great as world entire energy usage. All of our coal, oil and natural gas are the consequence of the gaining control of solar energy by life of the yesteryear. There have been, any undertakings for tackling solar energy, but most have non been successful because they attempt to capture the energy straight. The thought behind OTEC is the usage of all a natural aggregators, the Se, alternatively of unreal aggregator. 2.3 HOW OTEC WORKS Warm H2O is collected on the surface of the tropical ocean and pumped by a warm H2O pump. The H2O is pumped through the boiler, where some of the H2O is used to heat the working fluid, normally propane or some similar stuff. The propane vapor expands through a turbine which is coupled to a generator that bring forthing electric power. Cold H2O from the underside is pumped through the capacitor, where the vapor returns to the liquid province. The fluid is pumped back into the boiler. Some little fraction of the power from the turbine is used to pump the H2O through the system and to power other internal operations, but most of it is available as net power. There are two different sorts of OTEC power workss, the land based and the natation works. First, land based power workss, the land based pilot works will dwell of a edifice. This edifice will incorporate the heat money changers, turbines, generators and controls. It will be connected to the ocean via several pipes, and an tremendous fish farm ( 100 football countries ) by other pipes. Warm H2O is collected through a screened enclosure near to the shop. A long pipe laid on the incline collects cold H2O. Power and fresh H2O are generated in the edifice by the equipment. Used H2O if first circulated in to the marine civilization pool ( fish farm ) and so discharges by the 3rd pipe in to the ocean, downstream from the warm H2O recess. This is done so that the escape does non reenter the program, since rhenium usage of warm H2O would take down the available temperature difference. While, the other OTEC power workss is drifting power workss, the drifting power works works in the same mann er as the land based the evident different is that the natation works is drifting. Where really OTEC can be used, OTEC can be sited anyplace across about 60 million squares kilometers of tropical oceans anyplace there is deep cold H2O lying under warm surface H2O this by and large means between the tropic of malignant neoplastic disease and the tropic of Capricorn. Surface H2O is these parts, warmed by the Sun, by and large stys at 25 grades Celsius or supra. Ocean H2O more than 1000 metres below the surface is by and large at approximately 4 grades C. 2.4 TYPES OF OTEC There are three types of OTEC designs: unfastened rhythm, closed rhythm and intercrossed rhythm. Closed rhythm Closed rhythm systems use unstable with a low boiling point, such as ammonium hydroxide, to revolve a turbine to bring forth electricity. Here how it works. Warm surface sea H2O is pumped through a heat money changer where the low boiling H2O point is vaporized. The spread outing vapor turns the turbo generator, so ball, deep saltwater pumped through a 2nd heat money changer condenses the vapor back into a liquid, which is so recycle through the system Open rhythm Open rhythm OTEC uses the tropical oceans warm surface H2O to do electricity. When warm saltwater is placed in a low force per unit area container, it boils. The spread outing steam drives a low force per unit area turbine attached to an electrical generator. The steam, which has left its slat behind in the low force per unit area container, is about pure fresh H2O. It is condensed back into a liquid by exposure to cold temperature from deep oceans H2O Hybrid rhythm Hybrid system combines the characteristic of both the closed rhythm an unfastened rhythm system. In a intercrossed system, warm saltwater enters a vacuity chamber where it is brassy evaporated into steam, similar to the unfastened rhythm vaporization procedure. The steam vaporizes a low boiling point fluid that drives a turbine to bring forth electricity 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OTEC The advantages of OTEC is the utilizations OF OTEC is clean, renewable, its natural resource. Warm surface saltwater and cold H2O from the ocean deepnesss replace fossil fuels to bring forth electricity. Second, its appropriately designed OTEC workss will bring forth small or no C dioxide or other pollutant chemical Third, OTEC system can bring forth fresh H2O every bit good as electricity. This is a important adapted in island countries where fresh H2O is limited, other there is adequate solar energy received and stored in the warm tropical ocean ‘s surface bed to supply most, if non all, of present human energy demands and last the usage of OTEC as a beginning of electricity will assist cut down the province about complete dependance on imported fossil fuels. The disadvantages of OTEC is produced electric at present would be more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at theirs current costs. Second, OTEC workss must be located were a difference of about 20 ; degree Celsius occurs twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Ocean deepnesss must be available reasonably near to shore based installations for economics operation. Floating works ships could supply more flexibleness. Third, there is no energy company will set money in this undertaking because it merely has been tested in really smell graduated table and last, the building of OTEC workss and lying of pipes in coastal H2O may do localized harm to reefs and near shore Marine ecosystems. 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OTEC OTEC systems are, for the most portion, environmentally benign. Although inadvertent escape of closed rhythm working fluids can present a jeopardy, under normal conditions, the lone wastewaters are the assorted saltwater discharges and dissolved gases that come out of solution when sea H2O is depressurized. Although the measures of outgassed species may be important for big OTEC systems, with the exclusion of C dioxide, these species are benign. Carbon dioxide is a nursery gas and can impact planetary clime ; nevertheless, OTEC systems release one or two orders of magnitude less C dioxide than comparable dodo fuel power workss and those emanations may be sequestered easy in the ocean or used to excite marine biomass production. OTEC assorted saltwater discharges will be at lower temperatures than sea H2O at the ocean surface. The discharges will besides incorporate high concentrations of foods brought up with the deep sea H2O and may hold a different salt. It is of import ; hence, th at release back into the ocean is conducted in a mode that minimizes unintended alterations to the ocean assorted bed biology and avoids bring oning long-run surface temperature anomalousnesss. Analysiss of OTEC wastewater plumes suggest that discharge at deepnesss of 50-100 m should be sufficient to guarantee minimum impact on the ocean environment. Conversely, the nutrient-rich OTEC discharges could be exploited to prolong open-ocean Mari civilization How to cite Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Taxtation Law Residency & Source

Question: Discuss about the Taxtation Law Residency Source. Answer: Residency Source The income earned from different sources is an imperative aspect to determine the total assessable income of a taxpayer. The income received from sources such as domestic source or from foreign source is considered for taxation on the basis of the tax residency status of the taxpayer. Therefore, it can be concluded that in regards to determine the assessable income of a taxpayer for an income year, the tax residency status is essential. In order to check whether the concerned taxpayer is an Australian tax resident or foreign tax resident for the given assessment year, the subsection 6(1), ITAA 1936[1] would be the guiding statute. Moreover, TR 98/17[2] is the leading tax ruling to determine the various tests regarding tax residency of a taxpayer. There are mainly four tests that are highlighted in TR 98/17[3] are as listed below[4]: Resides Test This test is valid for the taxpayer, who is foreign resident and can be applied to check whether the foreign income would be chargeable as assessable income for the given income year or not. 183 Test This test is valid for the taxpayer, who is a foreign resident and thus, can be used to check whether the income derived from foreign source considered as assessable income or not on the basis of the duration of stay in Australia. Superannuation Test This test is valid and used to determine the tax residency of officers and government employees of Australia, who are staying in other country in order to fulfil their job obligations[5] Domicile Test The imperative test that is valid and applied to an Australian resident is domicile test. If the taxpayer has satisfied any of the above highlighted tests then he/she would be termed as Australian tax resident for the respective tax year. It is apparent that the taxpayer in the given case study is an Australian resident and is not a federal government staff. Hence, domicile test is validated here. There are two main essentials that are illustrated in the domicile test that must be satisfied by the taxpayer[6]. It is necessary that taxpayer must have domicile of Australia as per the norms of Domicile Act 1982. Permanent abode must be located in Australia. It is noteworthy that the taxpayer must not make a permanent abode in foreign land at any time period of the respective tax year or else he would be considered as foreign tax resident. The permanent abode concept has been explained in greater details in the Levene v. I.R.C.[7] case and the same would be extended to the given case also. If the taxpayer fails to complete the above illustrated essentials of the domicile test, then he/she would not be designated as Australian tax resident under this test. This test decides the factors related to the domicile and permanent abode. But, there are some requisite elements related to the permanent abode that are would be taken into consideration on behalf of the tax commissioner to frame an opinion on the location of the same. These requisites elements are listed in the tax ruling IT 2650[8] and are outlined below: Total period of stay in foreign land (variation in the indent period and actual period) Location of stay in foreign land especially, if the taxpayer has any personal or professional relation in most frequent visited foreign place Intention or future plan on behalf of the taxpayer to reside in the foreign land Various asset/ properties acquired by the taxpayer in Australia or in foreign land Any particular activity that indicates the future plan of the taxpayer to create a permanent residence in a country rather than Australia Further, the taxpayer may be termed as foreign resident, if he has a permanent residence in Australia but has resided in some other country for sustaining a business. The critical aspect is to determine if the taxpayer does have any clear idea regarding the subsequent time to stay in other country and also the expected duration or not[9]. Further, if the taxpayer in such cases returns to Australia in between of the work because of any serious health issue or other related reasons when actually there was plan to stay for a longer duration, then also the taxpayer would not be considered as Australian tax resident for that specific income year[10]. Therefore, the income derive in that period from other countrys sources would not be considered under assessable income because the taxpayer would be termed as foreign tax resident and the foreign income would not be taxed under the Australian Tax Law. The leading case in this regards is the F.C. of T. v. Jenkins.[11] It is apparent from the given information that Peter is a member (bass guitarist) of a popular band in Australia. On January 15, 2016, in order to achieve more popularity in England, all the members shifted to England. In this process, Peter had the future plan that he would return to Australia and stay there on a permanent basis once the band would get expected popularity in England. Peter required finance in regards to pay the air fare and the rent amount in England. Therefore, he sold his personal car and leased the house till 2018. After reaching England, they had leased a large house. The duration of the lease is of 12 months. After a year of working, the band had gained sizable popularity in England. The band was also awarded with several awards, prices and royalty on the released album. In August 2017, the team decided to go back to Australia. In October, 2017, Peter and other members came back to Australia. It is noteworthy that Peter had leased the house till 2018 and thus, after returning back to Australia, he had to lease a house to reside. The first critical condition of domicile test is satisfied by Peter i.e. possession of Australian domicile. The major aspect is to comment on the permanent abode location of Peter during the assessment years under question. It is apparent that Peter does not have in mind a specific time duration for which he would reside in England. Moreover, he has leased his own house till the end of 2018, which indicates that he will approximately not come back earlier than this. Moreover, the aim of the band was to gain the popularity irrespective of the time consumed. Therefore, it can be concluded that under the decision of F.C. of T. v. Jenkins 82 ATC 4098 case, the permanent abode of Peter for the time he was not in Australia would be England only. The permanent residential place of Peter is not located in Australia and thus, for financial years 2016, 2017 and 2018, he would be considered as a foreign tax resident. Therefore, the proceeds received on the account of the professional work in En gland would not be termed as assessable income for taxation. Moreover, the portion of the income derived from Australia would be chargeable as assessable income under the highlighted of Australian tax law. Income Assessability If the taxpayer is a foreign tax resident, then the amount of the income derived from foreign sources would not be accountable for taxation in Australia (s. 6-5(3))[12]. Although, if the taxpayer is an Australian tax resident for the given tax year, then the total income derived from both the sources would be taxed as per the Australian tax provisions (s. 6-5(2))[13]. Since, Peter is not a Australian tax resident, hence only income sources arising from Australia have been focused on and remaining have been ignored. Ordinary income and statutory income are the two main parts of assessable income under Section 6(5) and Section 6(10) respectively[14]. There is no direct law available in case of ordinary income to define the sources but the judgement of various case laws and tax rulings can be used to determine whether the received income is from ordinary source of income or not. The sources that would result ordinary income are listed below[15]. Income received from personal exertion on behalf of the taxpayer Interest amount from various sources such as banks, bonds Rent amount or lease amount Dividend received on the shares Income received from the business of the taxpayer Salaries or proceeds received from employment of the taxpayer Any income derived from the professional work would be considered as ordinary income under Section 6-5. Any prize related the profession as per Scott v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation[16] Statutory income As the name suggests, it includes all income for which there is a dedicated statute and this forms part of the assessable income as highlighted in s. 6-10, ITAA 1997[17]. One of the significant components of this income is the capital gains which attract a tax known as CGT or Capital Gains Tax. It is noteworthy that capital gains make a contribution to assessable income. Also, for computation of taxable capital gains, 50% rebate is available to Australian tax resident for the long term gains on assets[18]. Besides, assets such as car meant for personal usage are exempted from the purview of the CGT[19]. Income received by Peter in year FY2016 Income derived from the liquidation of personal car would not be considered as assessable income because it is classified as capital receipts. Further capital gains are exempted from CGT under the Section 108-20(2) Selling of the shares result in long term capital gains to the taxpayer and would contribute to assessable income. Amount = $11,000-$5,000 = $6,000 Amount received on account of ARIA Award would be assessable income as it is ordinary concept under Section 6(5). Amount = $20,000 The amount received on the account of profession would be assessable income from ordinary concept under Section 6(5). Amount = $140,000 Income received from the lease of the house would be considered as assessable income as per the provision of Section 6(5). Income received by Peter in year FY2017 Royalty income derived on the account of released album in Australia would be assessable under Section 6(5). Amount = $ 30,000 Amount received on the account of ARIA Award would be assessable income from ordinary concept under Section 6(5). Amount = $10,000 Income received from the lease of the house would be considered as assessable income as per the provision of Section 6(5). Income received by Peter in year FY2017 Income received from the lease of the house would be considered as assessable income as per the provision of Section 6(5). Royalty income derived on the account of released album after coming back to Australia would be termed as assessable income under Section 6(5). Amount = $4,000 References Books Websites ATO, INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1997, https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?DocID=PAC/19970038/6-5 Australian Taxation Office, Taxation Ruling No. IT 2650, (1991) https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Income-and-deductions/Income-you-must-declare/ Australian Taxation Office: Taxation Rulings: TR 98/17 (25 November 1998), https://www3.austlii.edu.au/au/other/rulings/ato/ATOTR/1998/tr1998-017/ Barkoczy,Stephen,Foundation of Taxation Law 2015, (North Ryde, CCH, 2015) CCH, Australian Income Tax Legislation 2011: Taxation Administration Act, 2011, (CCH Australia Limited, 2011) Commonwealth Consolidated Acts: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 SECT 6 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1936240/s6.html Commonwealth Consolidated Acts: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 SECT 6.5. https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s6.5.html Deutsch, Robert, et. al., Australian tax handbook. (Pymont, Thomson Reuters, 2015) Gilders, Frank, et. al., Understanding taxation law 2015. (LexisNexis, Butterworths 2015) Marine, The Actors Handbook: A guide to the Australian Entertainment Industry, 2007, (Marine Hill, 2007) Taxpayers Australian lnc, The taxpayers Guide 2014-2015, (John Wiley Sons, 2015) Williams, Australian Income Tax: Australian Taxation Office Rulings and Guidelines, (Butterworths, 2002) Case Law Levene v. I.R.C. (1928) A.C.217 F.C. of T. v. Jenkins 82 ATC 4098 Scott v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation(1966) 117 CLR 514

5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes

5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes 5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes 5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes By Mark Nichol Each of the sentences in this post demonstrates a distinct example of superfluous use of quotation marks to call attention to a word or phrase. The discussion following each example explains why the scare quotes are extraneous. 1. Companies need to reevaluate, and perhaps â€Å"retrofit,† their existing programs. Retrofit is not being used in its literal sense of â€Å"renovating to enhance structural resistance to earthquake damage,† but analogous use of the word does not require scare quotes, which are helpful only when the analogy is obscure: â€Å"Companies need to reevaluate, and perhaps retrofit, their existing programs.† 2. Such a strategy must include thinking â€Å"outside the box.† Idiomatic phrases, like single words used as nonliteral analogies, are generally understood as such and do not require special emphasis: â€Å"Such a strategy must include thinking outside the box.† 3. So-called â€Å"softer† impediments often require as much attention as technical hurdles. So-called signals that a word or phrase is not being used in a literal or customary sense. Scare quotes signal that a word or phrase is not being used in a literal or customary sense. Redundancy is not necessary, nor is it required: â€Å"So-called softer impediments often require as much attention as technical hurdles.† 4. Information should be restricted to those individuals designated as having a â€Å"need to know.† Words and phrases adopted from specialized contexts- otherwise known as jargon (such an introduction of a concept as this doesn’t merit quotation marks, either)- are either sufficiently transparent in meaning that they don’t need emphasis or definition or should be omitted in favor of clear wording; in this case, a phrase originating in the milieu of classified government documents is self-evident: â€Å"Information should be restricted to those individuals designated as having a need to know.† 5. It is imperative to understand â€Å"what to do† as well as â€Å"what not to do.† Here, the writer invites the reader to glean the key phrases in the sentence, but the gist of the statement is obvious, and the scare quotes are distracting and not at all helpful: â€Å"It is imperative to understand what to do as well as what not to do.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersWork of Art TitlesWood vs. Wooden

TRC essays

TRC essays Racial segregation and the supremacy of whites had been traditionally accepted in South Africa prior to 1948, but in the general election of that year, Daniel F. Malan officially included the policy of apartheid in the Afrikaner Nationalist party platform, bringing his party to power for the first time. Although most whites acquiesced in the policy, there was bitter and sometimes bloody strife over the degree and stringency of its implementation. 2 The purpose of apartheid was separation of the races: not only of whites from nonwhites, but also of nonwhites from each other, and, among the Africans (called Bantu in South Africa), of one group from another. In addition to the Africans, who constitute about 75% of the total population, those regarded as nonwhite include those people known in the country as Coloured (people of mixed black, Malayan, and white descent) and Asian (mainly of Indian ancestry) populations. 3 Initial emphasis was on restoring the separation of races within the urban areas. A large segment of the Asian and Coloured populations was forced to relocate out of so-called white areas. African townships that had been overtaken by (white) urban sprawl were demolished and their occupants removed to new townships well beyond city limits. Between the passage of the Group Areas Acts of 1950 and 1986, about 1.5 million Africans were forcibly removed from cities to rural reservations. 4 South Africa gains independence from Great Britain after the passage of the Statute of Westminster by the British Parliament in December 1931 and its acceptance by South Africa in June 1934. From the formation of the independent country, the white minority controls the government and moves to limit the powers of nonwhites and create special designated areas, or homelands, for them to live. The United Nations adopts a resolution condemning the South African government's treatment of its Indian minority and asks both South Africa and Ind...

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

History - Assignment Example Nevertheless, the current act encompasses various social insurance programs as well as social welfare. These social securities are funded through payroll taxes called FICA (Federal Insurance Contribution Act tax) or SECA (self-employed Contribution Act tax) The 1935 was very instrumental in ensuring that the public is given the best health care within a minimum budget line. Additionally, the act was meant to assist states furnish their financial assistance. The project was also funded by the taxpayers (Folly and Palmer 2010). The early, 1920s was characterized by shooting, lynching and whipping. The majority of the victims were Jews, blacks Catholic or immigrants. The populist movement roaring 20s was a period when widespread economic and social change occurred. During this period, discrimination was based on popularity. Everything, including political movements, social welfare was based on race. White southern leaders were mobilizing black voters in ways that saw narrow cooperation through the element of color (Folly and Palmer 2010). Jim Crow laws were a name given to a ruling after states that were in the South that passed the Anti-African American Legislation. These laws were including laws that were discriminating African American to attend public schools and more importantly the usage of public facilities such as hotels, public bath, cinemas, restaurants among others. This was the same period when African Americans were segregated from the usage of trains and buses. During the Cold War, the terms various terms were used to refer politician. Hawks and Doves were used to refer to politicians so that they can categorize their views on the war from foreign policies. These labels were meant to make them accessible and understandable to the public. Nevertheless, sometimes these labels were inaccurate and therefore they could be quite ambiguous if their integrity is not verified (Folly and Palmer 2010). World War I Neutrality Battle

ECO203 Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ECO203 Final - Essay Example These would affect the other economic variables which include Aggregate demand, Gross Domestic Product and Employment of a country. The Government would go for an Expansionary Fiscal policy in times of recession in which U.S. Government would spend more than they would collect taxes from the people. That is government spending would exceed taxes. The opposite would happen in case of a Contractionary Fiscal Policy where the government would increase the taxes more than it intends to spend. Now government spending may account for a variety of activities which include roads, education, healthcare, welfare activities and defense. This government spending is financed chiefly by taxation (Blanchard, 2010). There are other alternative ways of funding like printing money, external borrowings from foreign countries etc. The government may also borrow from the public which is called public debt. But this would be done by the government only when on the occasion of a deficit in the government b udget. The U.S. Government utilizes the Fiscal policy in the endeavor to affect the aggregate demand along with full employment. When there is inadequate aggregate demand in the economy, the government would decrease the rate of taxation and increase the expenditures by making use of idle resources. This would lead to increase in the growth rate of the economy and would tend towards full employment by decreasing the rate of unemployment. As a result the output would increase. This kind of government spending has a multiplier effect because when a government starts a new project, along with the output of the project it generates employment for the workers and hence the consumption and savings. However Fiscal Policy might also be constrained by a crowding out effect which would happen if there is a rise in interest rates which would curb investment. However, if the economy is going through a recession then already a lot of resources are unused and hence this would not pose a problem f or the economy explicitly (Froyen, 2005). Monetary Policy The monetary policy is implemented by the Central Bank with a control on the money supply with is undertaken with the help of several methods. This can be controlled mainly by purchase or sell of bonds which increases or decreases the supply of the money in the economy. Now bonds are debt instruments that guarantee the buyer the return of the principal along with an interest or the coupon at some specified date. This rate of interest or the coupon rate is determined by the Central Bank and one of the tools by which the Central Bank controls the supply of money in the economy (Mankiw, 2012). Now, when the bank wants to reduce the money supply of the economy or decrease the liquidity, it would go for a Contractionary Monetary policy wherein it would start increasing the interest rates. As a result, the coupon rates of the bonds would increase which would compel people to park their money with the banks, having less money in the ir hands. This would lead to a reduction in liquidity in the entire economic system. In contrary to this by an Expansionary Monetary policy, the Federal Reserve Bank would decrease th

A History Of Feminism English Language Essay

A History Of Feminism English Language Essay Feminism is a historically recurring phenomenon, being a potent form of cultural identity to take on linguistic and social expression (Simon, 1996; 7). The concept of gender in an era of feminism, a period powerfully influenced by feminist thought, has been the focus of research in the field of translation studies. Issues of gendered identity within translation was first introduced by feminist thinkers in the 1960s and 1970s to question the cultural and political powerlessness of women (von Flotow, 1997: 5). The emergence of Canadian feminist translations (Godard, 1990, Lotbinià ¨re-Harwood 1991; von Flotow 1991), established a school of work, modelling a theory from incorporating feminist ideology into translation, which resultantly has influenced international translation studies. The pre-established notion that language was not only a man-made artefact but an expressive tool to reflect on male ideology impelled discussions of gender and translation. Contemporary theorists viewed this patriarchal language, traditionally used in largely male-run institutions such as universities, as an instrument of womens oppression (Lotbinià ¨re-Harwood 1991; von Flotow 1991). Needing to radically change these conventions, feminist translating during the 1970s sought to undermine and subvert patriarchal language, to introduce new, experimental ways of writing so that language could be used as a cultural intervention; an endeavour to alter expressions of dominance whether at the level of syntax or semantics (Simon, 1996: 9). Feminist theories have also initiated a revision of the terms central to translation studies and feminism, such as traditional hierarchies and gendered roles, and rules defining fidelity. Under the influence of the cultural turn, contemporary translation was not only an operation of linguistic transfer, but also one that created new textual forms and introduced new paradigms of knowledge. Translation is considered as a way of engaging with literature; where the feminist thought creates new lines of cultural communication, where translators are involved in a politics of transmission (Simon1996:viii). In addition, feminist theorisers saw a parallel between womens oppression in language and culture and its association to the devaluation of translation (Chamberlain, 1992). Translations themselves, given that they are secondary pieces of work, have negatively been linked with implications of discursive inferiority. The authority of the original over the reproduction is linked with imagery of masculinity and femininity; the original is considered the strong generative male, the translation the weaker and derivative female. (Simon, 1996: 1)  [1]  From this, the art of translating has been envisioned as a feminine activity (Simon 1996; Flotow 1997). Nonetheless, despite its historical status as a weak and passive composition, translating has offered a means of expression for women; allowing them to contribute to the intellectual and political aspects of society. In precedent years, scholarly authorship was primarily regarded as a male activity in European culture, and published literary work by women was susceptible to accusations of presumption (Krontiris 1992: 17-18).  [2]  Adversely, translation offered an opportunity for women to become involved in literary culture in a way that did not openly challenge social or literary power arrangements. Another theoretical view challenges the belief that the status of translation is analogous to that of women. Simon (1996) distinguishes a language of sexism in translation studies, noting connotations with dominance, fidelity and betrayal. Representative of this is the seventeenth century adage of les belles infidà ¨les, a term coined by Gilles Mà ©nage to describe the French practice of translation.  [3]  4The idea it encapsulates is that translations, like women, can be either beautiful or faithful, but not both; thus, being viewed as mutually exclusive. The term has hence come to signify a type of translation that diverges from its original to an extent that it betrays the source text. Such disparaging comparisons lead to objections and strong criticism on behalf of the feminist thinkers. According to Chamberlain (1992), terms such as les belles infidà ¨les express the traditional depreciation of both women and translation, resulting in the basis of feminist translation the ory: to identify and critique the tangle of concepts which relegates both women and translation to the bottom of the social and literary ladder (Simon, 1996: 1). From the revioson of such theories, it is discernible that taking a feminist approach on translation seeks to challenges the conventional hierarchies in society. Issues of language and gender have become intertwined, where gender can be seen as an element of identity and in some ways, takes form through social consciousness (Spivak, 1990). Applying a feminist voice to translation projects allows a translator to assert her identity and ideological stance. The feminist translator shows her critical judgement and her interminable re-reading and re-writing, flaunts the signs of her manipulation of the text highlighting her role on determining meaning to her work (Godard 1990: 91). What feminist theory highlights is this renewed sense of agency in translation, allowing the reader to make cultural sense of the difference between original and translation. Feminist translation endeavours to extend and develop the intention of the source text. Sherry Simon (cited in Arrojo, 1994) argues that the remarkable aspect of translation is that represents equivalence in difference. Taking into account the feminist perspective, provides an alternative voice to the original text, aiming to make the feminine visible in language (De Lotbiniere-Harwood, 1996: 15). Von Flotow (1997: 10) also expresses this intent by stating, if we continue to speak the same language, we will reproduce the same (his)story, therefore showing the need to create new lines of transmission. Exemplary of this approach is the Bible where revised versions provide a fresh vantage point for the reader. The eventual production of The Womens Bible (Stanton, 1895) was an attempt to draw attention to the sexist nature of current translations.  [5]  It was seen as a way to develop a language in an effort to alter expressions of domination and de-construct patriarchal language. political motive De Lotbinià ¨re-Harwood defined translation as a political activity making language speak for women. (Santaemilla, 2005: 36) but needs a limitation. Duly, feminist translation opens up the question of fidelity, which has been an established quandary throughout the history of translation.  [6]  The meaning of the original and the message intended for the reader can be uncertain and constantly subject to interpretation and distortion. A translation significantly altered will result in the work being an adaptation rather than a reproduction of the source text. Determinately, an excessive amount of manipulation will result in a loss of originality, where Brazilian critic Rosemary Arrojo (1994), states that it is contradictory to claim fidelity to a text one deliberately subverts.  [7]   However, for feminist translations, fidelity is to be directed toward the writing project itself, rather than to the authors original or the reader (Simon, 1996). Though there is recognition that the translator arbitrates the role of interventionist, as she reproduces faithfully but has scope for intervention, albeit this does not mean that the translation can be free in her reproduction but that her work should be shaped and focused by its final aims.  [8]   Another constraint is that translations themselves are made for a target audience, usually dependent on the receptor language. Likewise, a radically feminist text will only target one specific readership Equally, certain problems can arise from attempting to translate a highly masculine text With the prevalence of machismo in Spain and Latin America, the work of translating cultural gender differences has repeatedly raised issues of sexism. Suzanne Levine (1983: 83), experiences difficulties when translating metaphors and images referring negatively to women, questioning whether to repeat the same archetype in her translation.  [9]  Not only will it possess a question of fidelity but also a loss of originality. The presence of a system of sexist thinking in an authors work can make it very difficult to translate with a feminist approach. Obviously, the substance of the work represents a certain meaning that the author aspires to express, a meaning behind the choice of words, and through feminist thinking, this message could be lost through translation. Another obstacle when appropriating a feminist translation may stem from cultural problems rather than linguistic. Trying to re-work a text that is reflective of a specific time period it is written manifests difficulties. Translations of various books from the Bible have incorporated the use of neutral pronouns in an attempt to eliminate male-bias language (Haugerud, 1977).  [10]  Feminist revisions of the Bible do not seek to change the content of the text but are rather concerned with the language in which this content is expressed.  [11]  In riposte, Nida (cited in von Flotow, 1997: 55) asserts that the Bible needs to be read in the context of the male-dominated society in which it originated. Bearing these factors in mind, revising the language from a radically feminist perspective can considerably change the tone and meaning. Gender neutrality can be a way to explicitly avoid a Karen Nà ¶lle-Fischer (1995) translation has shown her the immense benefits of a language in which gender need not be immediately revealed in the nouns, adjectives or participles an author uses. In English, it is easy to postpone revealing the sex of any character, thus heightening the effect of gender when this mysterious person turns out to be contrary to what is believed.. It is thus possible to maintain ambiguities leave things up to the readers imagination and not impose one particular reading. It is difficult to maintain this ambiguity in gender marked languages. Given the characteristics inherent in languages with grammatical gender, where it explicitly references the sex of the noun, translators providing an English version of the source text will face uncertainties when translating. Canadian feminist translators innovated to find new formulas of expression that did not erase the gender marks of the original (Lotbinià ¨re-Harwood 1991; von Flotow 1991).  [12]   When looking at the contents page of the text, various language manipulations occur, in the titles of the short stories. The majority of them reflect on the translators position to remain neutral when re-working the gender-marked Spanish: Regalo para una novia, where sweetheart has been chosen instead of the more obvious girlfriend. This again can be seen with El huà ©sped de la maestra, without making explicit references to the sex ot the subjects in English.  [13]   Another difference can be seen with the translation of a word, as is explicit in Marà ­a la boba. Boba which refers to silly or naÃÆ' ¯ve gives off a negative connotation, but the English simple is quite neutral, reflecting that the author wished not to attribute a negative connotation to Marà ­a, Peden presenting her own feminist perspective. Yet probably the most striking alteration is with Nià ±a perversa, where not only does the English opt out of referencing the sex of the child, but translates perversa as wicked. Although accurately, wicked is a true rendering of the word perversa, the two do not share the same connotation even after having read the story.  [14]   However, if perversa was translated as perverted in the English, it would have a rather stronger connotation than the Spanish, and thus ascertaining the issues behind a cultural sense of the difference between original and translation. The alteration in the translation is not of a significant difference, demonstrating Simons belief of equivalence in difference. Another example where meaning is sometimes lost through translation is during the opening paragraph of the story. The young girl, Elena, is described as skinny and unattractive, as una cachorra desnutrida where the English translates as a scrawny whelp. A few lines on, with regards to Elenas solitary character she is referred to as una gata, where Peden writes a waif. Does mean wicked but dependent on the context, and I dont think it applies here. In the Spanish the metaphors plants a specific image in the readers mind, which is therefore lost in the English translation, as there is no build up of metaphors.  [15]   Interestingly, the translation does not take a strong feminist approach, showing that all translations need not be radically feminine. Pedens English translation remains faithful to the original text, rendering the meaning of Allendes stories within her new reproductions.

Many Faces Of Evil :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evil has many faces. One of these includes racism and the injustices which many people have had to face. The following are some of the injustices which have occured and been documented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between the years of 1923 and 1947 many chinese were sent to canada to work in order to support themselves and their families in china. Men from China and Hong Kong went to Canada while leaving behind wives and children. Many jobs were open to the chinese but most, if not all, were low paying dangerous jobs. Such as working on the railway. The chinese were often used for cheap labor. This continued on for many years. The injustices toward the chinese were fading. Douglas Jung had become the first Chinese MP, and the British Columbia China town had become more and more populated. This was the end of the exclusion act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Auschwitz was one of many concentration camps in the 1930's and 40's. Many famillies men, women and children would gather all their belongings and set off to this new place of work. Only to find a prison. A place surrounded by barbed wire and electrical fences. A place where prisoners had no rights, and would never come out alive. This concentration camp alone had millions of victims. Then came a man by the name of Rudolph Verba. A strong man who knew his destiny was not to be murdered in such a camp. Then on the seventh of April, 1944 Rudolph and two other men set out to make their plan of escape work. With help from people inside the camp and a well thought out plan Rudolph was able to escape. He went up the river towards the Slovakian Mountains until he came upon a woman who would help him. As an unsaid rule in these days people would not exchange names or very much information. This way no one could name any names if they were to be interogated. Rudolph helped many people in the Auschwitz camp, although many were already murdered and some were too weak to live even after being released from the concentration camp.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In both of the documentaries which we viewed, the themes were very much alike. Both were about the injustices and slavery which had been set upon so many people. Another injustice was that of the Jewish people.

Brian Clark Whose Life Is It Anyway Essay

Exploring the ways in which Brian Clark makes the scene an important and dramatic moment in the play When talking about the important and dramatic scene in this play I refer back to pages 25-30. These six pages are all about a little encounter between Ken and Mrs Boyle. This is a fundamental scene in the marvellous play because Ken finally expresses his motives and feelings. Brian Clark uses many techniques to give the reader this valuable information through repetition, the use of speech (quite obvious, could be expected), stage directions and the form of text (Carmen figurate but then for texts). The stage direction supplies the reader with a lot of essential information. In the beginning just before Mrs Boyle enters the room Ken is supposedly happy. I know this because I quote; â€Å"(cheerfully), Doubt it Sister (pg. 25). I’m not even able to be death of myself. Because of he stage direction we can clearly see that Ken is in a positive mood. The interactions with Mrs Boyle start of with a friendly and respectful greeting to Ken, â€Å"Good Morning† (pg. 25). But through out this scene Ken changes his attitude and starts shouting and cursing. The main reason why he was shouting is because Ken dislikes the professionalism that goes on in the hospital. He dislikes it to a certain extent when it can be called hate. In this important scene Ken has mentioned that he doesn’t want to live on anymore with these conditions of the body, as he only wants to live if he can live a normal life. And a normal life would include living healthily with out the help of medical instruments. Brian Clark has made Ken use a certain amount of sarcasm and partly rhetorical questions to portray Ken to the reader as he is. The reader will most likely think that Ken Harrison is trying to outsmart people and sometimes he does achieve this. Such as; â€Å"What do you do? Conjuring tricks? Funny stories? Or a belly dance? If I have any choice, I’d prefer the belly dance. † Mrs Boyle: I’m afraid I’ve left my bikini at home. Ken: Who said anything about a bikini? He thinks outside of the box. He repeats the same kind of jokes. This can be funny for the reader but for Mrs Boyle and the other hospital staff it might be annoying on the long-term aspect. Also the joke about the ‘How to be a sculpture’ book is funny, but in the meantime its another moral definition. This joke tell us that one of his many reasons to die is because he cant do what he loves most, sculpturing. This is quite sad but you must think through each joke. Through out the whole play Clark portrays Ken as a sex addict who loves to flirt with the younger nurses but we (as a reader) find this ok because all have a weak spot for this funny paraplegic individual. He insults Mrs Boyle and the hospital staff multiple times in this short scene. Many of these curses are religion related but this is most likely just because of when this was written. The early 90’s this was very usual. Ken says Christ almighty, for god’s sake and other things. He must express his feelings in some way and since he can only move his head and speak he chooses, since its his only option, to let out his anger via the mouth. These words are all aimed towards Mrs Boyle’s professionalism and detachment. This makes Ken very angry and I understand his motives very well. His feelings are just being crushed and he feels ignored, so why continue living a life you don’t want to live? The main genre of this scene and play is the fight between personal choices versus professional opinions. The doctors claim the responsibility to keep him alive if he can (except for John, but he is not a â€Å"real† doctor). In conclusion Clark has successfully made this an important scene in the play. One of the main things was the moral of Ken’s actions.

Intellectual Capital Comparison Paper - 1077 Words

Intellectual Capital Comparison Paper Intellectual capital is the combined knowledge of employees within an organization (Intellectual, 2013). This knowledge is to add value to the organization in ways such as increase profits, provide products or services to customers, gain competitive advantage, improve processes, or other types of capital. This paper will show five different types of intellectual capital that adds value to an organization. It will provide examples of each intellectual capital, whether that capital is identifiable or unidentifiable as an asset, and how each provides value to the organization. The first intellectual capital to discuss is customer capital. Customer capital is the relationship the organization builds and†¦show more content†¦The value of human capital may be hard to measure, yet possessing the right people working together can help an organization meet its vision and goals. The third intellectual capital to discuss is structural capital. Structural capital supports human capital in an organization through such things as information systems, policies, processes, patents, and other structural capital (Structural, 2013). For example, many organizations have patents on products to protect its capital from other organizations from using its product designs or technology to make a profit of its own. For example, according to a New York Times article by Jad Mouawad (2012) that Marvell Technology Group was found â€Å"guilty for infringing on a pair of patents from Carnegie Mellon University that increases the accuracy of hard drive circuits to read data on high-speed magnetic disks† paying $1.17 billion dollars for the crime. Some structural capital can be identifiable, such as systems and patents because these types of structural capital are sold to others, therefore earning revenue and tractable in financials. Structural capital holds value to organ izations ability to produce and improve products and services for its customers, and therefore increasing its revenue. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about London: A Cultural City1248 Words   |  5 Pages4. London a Cultural City London had become a wonder, but was it a marvel or a monster? The Intellectuals of the Enlightenment saw that the future lay with cities: despite ancient anti-urban prejudice, the city now seemed to promise development, profit, pleasure, peace and the decrease in ignorance; city man was a civilized man. Voltaire reckoned London the cradle of social liberties and mobility by contrast to the rigid hierarchies of the fields. Yet, cities had enemies as well as friends; manyRead MoreOperational Plan1670 Words   |  7 Pagesfrequent review and adjustment is essential in order to be in control of operational plan financial activities. 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